Geonames ontology
type: Ontology
version info: Version 1.2.3 - 2006-10-30

Class
comment: A class of features.
subclass of: Concept Scheme

Code
type: Class
comment: A feature code.
subclass of: Concept

Country
type: Class
comment: A country as defined at http://www.geonames.org/countries

Feature
type: Class
comment: A geographical object uniquely defined by its geonames id.
subclass of: Spatial Thing

Map
type: Class
comment: A Web page displaying a map
subclass of: Document

RDF Data
type: Class
comment: A Document containing RDF description of one or several features.
subclass of: Document

Wikipedia Article
type: Class
comment: A Wikipedia article
subclass of: Document

Spatial Thing
type: Class

Concept
type: Class

Concept Scheme
type: Class

Document
type: Class
comment: A document describing a feature

alternative name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Feature
sub property of: label

name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The preferred name of the feature.
domain: Feature
sub property of: label

population
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Feature

postal code
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Feature

altitude
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Spatial Thing

latitude
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Spatial Thing

longitude
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Spatial Thing

alternative label
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Concept
sub property of: label

definition
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Concept

preferred label
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Concept
sub property of: label

children features
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links to an RDF document containing the descriptions of children features
domain: Feature
range: RDF Data

feature class
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The main category of the feature, as defined in geonames taxonomy.
domain: Feature
range: Class

feature code
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Type of the feature, as defined in geonames taxonomy.
domain: Feature
range: Code

country
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A country in the ISO country list
domain: Feature
range: Country

map
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A geonames map centered on the feature.
domain: Feature
range: Map

nearby
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A feature close to the reference feature
domain: Feature
range: Feature

nearby features
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links to an RDF document containing the descriptions of nearby features
domain: Feature
range: RDF Data

neighbour
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A feature sharing a common boarder with the reference feature
domain: Feature
range: Feature

neighbouring features
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links to an RDF document containing the descriptions of neighbouring features. Applies when the feature has definite boarders.
domain: Feature
range: RDF Data

parent feature
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: A feature parent of the current one, in either administrative or physical subdivision.
domain: Feature
range: Feature

wikipedia article
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A Wikipedia article of which subject is the feature. Backlink from the article to the feature can be defined using dc:subject.
domain: Feature
range: Wikipedia Article

A
type: Class
comment: country, state, region ...

first-order administrative division
type: Code
definition: a primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States
in scheme: A

second-order administrative division
type: Code
definition: a subdivision of a first-order administrative division
in scheme: A

third-order administrative division
type: Code
definition: a subdivision of a second-order administrative division
in scheme: A

fourth-order administrative division
type: Code
definition: a subdivision of a third-order administrative division
in scheme: A

administrative division
type: Code
definition: an administrative division of a country, undifferentiated as to administrative level
in scheme: A

leased area
type: Code
definition: a tract of land leased by the United Kingdom from the People's Republic of China to form part of Hong Kong
in scheme: A

political entity
type: Code
in scheme: A

dependent political entity
type: Code
in scheme: A

freely associated state
type: Code
in scheme: A

independent political entity
type: Code
in scheme: A

section of independent political entity
type: Code
in scheme: A

semi-independent political entity
type: Code
in scheme: A

parish
type: Code
definition: an ecclesiastical district
in scheme: A

territory
type: Code
in scheme: A

zone
type: Code
in scheme: A

buffer zone
type: Code
definition: a zone recognized as a buffer between two nations in which military presence is minimal or absent
in scheme: A

H
type: Class
comment: stream, lake, ...

seaplane landing area
type: Code
definition: a place on a waterbody where floatplanes land and take off
in scheme: H

anchorage
type: Code
definition: an area where vessels may anchor
in scheme: H

bay
type: Code
definition: a coastal indentation between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf
in scheme: H

bays
type: Code
definition: coastal indentations between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf
in scheme: H

bight(s)
type: Code
definition: an open body of water forming a slight recession in a coastline
in scheme: H

bank(s)
type: Code
definition: an elevation, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for most surface navigation
in scheme: H

stream bank
type: Code
definition: a sloping margin of a stream channel which normally confines the stream to its channel on land
in scheme: H

section of bank
type: Code
in scheme: H

bog(s)
type: Code
definition: a wetland characterized by peat forming sphagnum moss, sedge, and other acid-water plants
in scheme: H

icecap
type: Code
definition: a dome-shaped mass of glacial ice covering an area of mountain summits or other high lands; smaller than an ice sheet
in scheme: H

channel
type: Code
definition: the deepest part of a stream, bay, lagoon, or strait, through which the main current flows
in scheme: H

lake channel(s)
type: Code
definition: that part of a lake having water deep enough for navigation between islands, shoals, etc.
in scheme: H

marine channel
type: Code
definition: that part of a body of water deep enough for navigation through an area otherwise not suitable
in scheme: H

navigation channel
type: Code
definition: a buoyed channel of sufficient depth for the safe navigation of vessels
in scheme: H

confluence
type: Code
definition: a place where two or more streams or intermittent streams flow together
in scheme: H

canal
type: Code
definition: an artificial watercourse
in scheme: H

aqueduct
type: Code
definition: a conduit used to carry water
in scheme: H

canal bend
type: Code
definition: a conspicuously curved or bent section of a canal
in scheme: H

drainage canal
type: Code
definition: an artificial waterway carrying water away from a wetland or from drainage ditches
in scheme: H

irrigation canal
type: Code
definition: a canal which serves as a main conduit for irrigation water
in scheme: H

navigation canal(s)
type: Code
definition: a watercourse constructed for navigation of vessels
in scheme: H

abandoned canal
type: Code
in scheme: H

underground irrigation canal(s)
type: Code
definition: a gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from aquifers
in scheme: H

section of canal
type: Code
in scheme: H

cove(s)
type: Code
definition: a small coastal indentation, smaller than a bay
in scheme: H

tidal creek(s)
type: Code
definition: a meandering channel in a coastal wetland subject to bi-directional tidal currents
in scheme: H

current
type: Code
definition: a horizontal flow of water in a given direction with uniform velocity
in scheme: H

cutoff
type: Code
definition: a channel formed as a result of a stream cutting through a meander neck
in scheme: H

dock(s)
type: Code
definition: a waterway between two piers, or cut into the land for the berthing of ships
in scheme: H

docking basin
type: Code
definition: a part of a harbor where ships dock
in scheme: H

icecap dome
type: Code
definition: a comparatively elevated area on an icecap
in scheme: H

icecap depression
type: Code
definition: a comparatively depressed area on an icecap
in scheme: H

ditch
type: Code
definition: a small artificial watercourse dug for draining or irrigating the land
in scheme: H

drainage ditch
type: Code
definition: a ditch which serves to drain the land
in scheme: H

irrigation ditch
type: Code
definition: a ditch which serves to distribute irrigation water
in scheme: H

ditch mouth(s)
type: Code
definition: an area where a drainage ditch enters a lagoon, lake or bay
in scheme: H

estuary
type: Code
definition: a funnel-shaped stream mouth or embayment where fresh water mixes with sea water under tidal influences
in scheme: H

fishing area
type: Code
definition: a fishing ground, bank or area where fishermen go to catch fish
in scheme: H

fjord
type: Code
definition: a long, narrow, steep-walled, deep-water arm of the sea at high latitudes, usually along mountainous coasts
in scheme: H

fjords
type: Code
definition: long, narrow, steep-walled, deep-water arms of the sea at high latitudes, usually along mountainous coasts
in scheme: H

waterfall(s)
type: Code
definition: a perpendicular or very steep descent of the water of a stream
in scheme: H

section of waterfall(s)
type: Code
in scheme: H

mud flat(s)
type: Code
definition: a relatively level area of mud either between high and low tide lines, or subject to flooding
in scheme: H

tidal flat(s)
type: Code
definition: a large flat area of mud or sand attached to the shore and alternately covered and uncovered by the tide
in scheme: H

glacier(s)
type: Code
definition: a mass of ice, usually at high latitudes or high elevations, with sufficient thickness to flow away from the source area in lobes, tongues, or masses
in scheme: H

gulf
type: Code
definition: a large recess in the coastline, larger than a bay
in scheme: H

geyser
type: Code
definition: a type of hot spring with intermittent eruptions of jets of hot water and steam
in scheme: H

harbor(s)
type: Code
definition: a haven or space of deep water so sheltered by the adjacent land as to afford a safe anchorage for ships
in scheme: H

section of harbor
type: Code
in scheme: H

inlet
type: Code
definition: a narrow waterway extending into the land, or connecting a bay or lagoon with a larger body of water
in scheme: H

former inlet
type: Code
definition: an inlet which has been filled in, or blocked by deposits
in scheme: H

lake bed(s)
type: Code
definition: a dried up or drained area of a former lake
in scheme: H

lagoon
type: Code
definition: a shallow coastal waterbody, completely or partly separated from a larger body of water by a barrier island, coral reef or other depositional feature
in scheme: H

lagoons
type: Code
definition: shallow coastal waterbodies, completely or partly separated from a larger body of water by a barrier island, coral reef or other depositional feature
in scheme: H

section of lagoon
type: Code
in scheme: H

lake
type: Code
definition: a large inland body of standing water
in scheme: H

crater lake
type: Code
definition: a lake in a crater or caldera
in scheme: H

intermittent lake
type: Code
in scheme: H

salt lake
type: Code
definition: an inland body of salt water with no outlet
in scheme: H

intermittent salt lake
type: Code
in scheme: H

oxbow lake
type: Code
definition: a crescent-shaped lake commonly found adjacent to meandering streams
in scheme: H

intermittent oxbow lake
type: Code
in scheme: H

lakes
type: Code
definition: large inland bodies of standing water
in scheme: H

underground lake
type: Code
definition: a standing body of water in a cave
in scheme: H

crater lakes
type: Code
definition: lakes in a crater or caldera
in scheme: H

intermittent lakes
type: Code
in scheme: H

salt lakes
type: Code
definition: inland bodies of salt water with no outlet
in scheme: H

intermittent salt lakes
type: Code
in scheme: H

section of lake
type: Code
in scheme: H

salt evaporation ponds
type: Code
definition: diked salt ponds used in the production of solar evaporated salt
in scheme: H

mangrove swamp
type: Code
definition: a tropical tidal mud flat characterized by mangrove vegetation
in scheme: H

moor(s)
type: Code
definition: an area of open ground overlaid with wet peaty soils
in scheme: H

marsh(es)
type: Code
definition: a wetland dominated by grass-like vegetation
in scheme: H

salt marsh
type: Code
definition: a flat area, subject to periodic salt water inundation, dominated by grassy salt-tolerant plants
in scheme: H

narrows
type: Code
definition: a navigable narrow part of a bay, strait, river, etc.
in scheme: H

ocean
type: Code
definition: one of the major divisions of the vast expanse of salt water covering part of the earth
in scheme: H

overfalls
type: Code
definition: an area of breaking waves caused by the meeting of currents or by waves moving against the current
in scheme: H

pond
type: Code
definition: a small standing waterbody
in scheme: H

intermittent pond
type: Code
in scheme: H

salt pond
type: Code
definition: a small standing body of salt water often in a marsh or swamp, usually along a seacoast
in scheme: H

intermittent salt pond(s)
type: Code
in scheme: H

ponds
type: Code
definition: small standing waterbodies
in scheme: H

fishponds
type: Code
definition: ponds or enclosures in which fish are kept or raised
in scheme: H

intermittent ponds
type: Code
in scheme: H

salt ponds
type: Code
definition: small standing bodies of salt water often in a marsh or swamp, usually along a seacoast
in scheme: H

pool(s)
type: Code
definition: a small and comparatively still, deep part of a larger body of water such as a stream or harbor; or a small body of standing water
in scheme: H

intermittent pool
type: Code
in scheme: H

reach
type: Code
definition: a straight section of a navigable stream or channel between two bends
in scheme: H

icecap ridge
type: Code
definition: a linear elevation on an icecap
in scheme: H

roadstead
type: Code
definition: an open anchorage affording less protection than a harbor
in scheme: H

reef(s)
type: Code
definition: a surface-navigation hazard composed of consolidated material
in scheme: H

coral reef(s)
type: Code
definition: a surface-navigation hazard composed of coral
in scheme: H

section of reef
type: Code
in scheme: H

rapids
type: Code
definition: a turbulent section of a stream associated with a steep, irregular stream bed
in scheme: H

reservoir(s)
type: Code
definition: an artificial pond or lake
in scheme: H

intermittent reservoir
type: Code
in scheme: H

water tank
type: Code
definition: a contained pool or tank of water at, below, or above ground level
in scheme: H

ravine(s)
type: Code
definition: a small, narrow, deep, steep-sided stream channel, smaller than a gorge
in scheme: H

sabkha(s)
type: Code
definition: a salt flat or salt encrusted plain subject to periodic inundation from flooding or high tides
in scheme: H

sound
type: Code
definition: a long arm of the sea forming a channel between the mainland and an island or islands; or connecting two larger bodies of water
in scheme: H

sea
type: Code
definition: a large body of salt water more or less confined by continuous land or chains of islands forming a subdivision of an ocean
in scheme: H

shoal(s)
type: Code
definition: a surface-navigation hazard composed of unconsolidated material
in scheme: H

sill
type: Code
definition: the low part of an underwater gap or saddle separating basins, including a similar feature at the mouth of a fjord
in scheme: H

spring(s)
type: Code
definition: a place where ground water flows naturally out of the ground
in scheme: H

sulphur spring(s)
type: Code
definition: a place where sulphur ground water flows naturally out of the ground
in scheme: H

hot spring(s)
type: Code
definition: a place where hot ground water flows naturally out of the ground
in scheme: H

stream
type: Code
definition: a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land
in scheme: H

anabranch
type: Code
definition: a diverging branch flowing out of a main stream and rejoining it downstream
in scheme: H

stream bend
type: Code
definition: a conspicuously curved or bent segment of a stream
in scheme: H

canalized stream
type: Code
definition: a stream that has been substantially ditched, diked, or straightened
in scheme: H

distributary(-ies)
type: Code
definition: a branch which flows away from the main stream, as in a delta or irrigation canal
in scheme: H

headwaters
type: Code
definition: the source and upper part of a stream, including the upper drainage basin
in scheme: H

intermittent stream
type: Code
in scheme: H

section of intermittent stream
type: Code
in scheme: H

stream mouth(s)
type: Code
definition: a place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea
in scheme: H

abandoned watercourse
type: Code
definition: a former stream or distributary no longer carrying flowing water, but still evident due to lakes, wetland, topographic or vegetation patterns
in scheme: H

streams
type: Code
definition: bodies of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land
in scheme: H

lost river
type: Code
definition: a surface stream that disappears into an underground channel, or dries up in an arid area
in scheme: H

section of stream
type: Code
in scheme: H

strait
type: Code
definition: a relatively narrow waterway, usually narrower and less extensive than a sound, connecting two larger bodies of water
in scheme: H

swamp
type: Code
definition: a wetland dominated by tree vegetation
in scheme: H

irrigation system
type: Code
definition: a network of ditches and one or more of the following elements: water supply, reservoir, canal, pump, well, drain, etc.
in scheme: H

canal tunnel
type: Code
definition: a tunnel through which a canal passes
in scheme: H

wadi
type: Code
definition: a valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse; found primarily in North Africa and the Middle East
in scheme: H

wadi bend
type: Code
definition: a conspicuously curved or bent segment of a wadi
in scheme: H

wadi junction
type: Code
definition: a place where two or more wadies join
in scheme: H

wadi mouth
type: Code
definition: the lower terminus of a wadi where it widens into an adjoining floodplain, depression, or waterbody
in scheme: H

wadies
type: Code
definition: valleys or ravines, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season become watercourses; found primarily in North Africa and the Middle East
in scheme: H

section of wadi
type: Code
in scheme: H

whirlpool
type: Code
definition: a turbulent, rotating movement of water in a stream
in scheme: H

well
type: Code
definition: a cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface
in scheme: H

abandoned well
type: Code
in scheme: H

wells
type: Code
definition: cylindrical holes, pits, or tunnels drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface
in scheme: H

wetland
type: Code
definition: an area subject to inundation, usually characterized by bog, marsh, or swamp vegetation
in scheme: H

intermittent wetland
type: Code
in scheme: H

watercourse
type: Code
definition: a natural, well-defined channel produced by flowing water, or an artificial channel designed to carry flowing water
in scheme: H

waterhole(s)
type: Code
definition: a natural hole, hollow, or small depression that contains water, used by man and animals, especially in arid areas
in scheme: H

L
type: Class
comment: parks,area, ...

agricultural colony
type: Code
definition: a tract of land set aside for agricultural settlement
in scheme: L

area
type: Code
definition: a tract of land without homogeneous character or boundaries
in scheme: L

drainage basin
type: Code
definition: an area drained by a stream
in scheme: L

petroleum basin
type: Code
definition: an area underlain by an oil-rich structural basin
in scheme: L

battlefield
type: Code
definition: a site of a land battle of historical importance
in scheme: L

clearing
type: Code
definition: an area in a forest with trees removed
in scheme: L

common
type: Code
definition: a park or pasture for community use
in scheme: L

concession area
type: Code
definition: a lease of land by a government for economic development, e.g., mining, forestry
in scheme: L

coalfield
type: Code
definition: a region in which coal deposits of possible economic value occur
in scheme: L

continent : Europe, Africa, Oceania, North America, South America, Oceania,Antarctica
type: Code
in scheme: L

coast
type: Code
definition: a zone of variable width straddling the shoreline
in scheme: L

business center
type: Code
definition: a place where a number of businesses are located
in scheme: L

housing development
type: Code
definition: a tract of land on which many houses of similar design are built according to a development plan
in scheme: L

field(s)
type: Code
definition: an open as opposed to wooded area
in scheme: L

irrigated field(s)
type: Code
definition: a tract of level or terraced land which is irrigated
in scheme: L

gasfield
type: Code
definition: an area containing a subterranean store of natural gas of economic value
in scheme: L

grazing area
type: Code
definition: an area of grasses and shrubs used for grazing
in scheme: L

gravel area
type: Code
definition: an area covered with gravel
in scheme: L

industrial area
type: Code
definition: an area characterized by industrial activity
in scheme: L

arctic land
type: Code
definition: a tract of land in the Arctic
in scheme: L

locality
type: Code
definition: a minor area or place of unspecified or mixed character and indefinite boundaries
in scheme: L

military base
type: Code
definition: a place used by an army or other armed service for storing arms and supplies, and for accommodating and training troops, a base from which operations can be initiated
in scheme: L

mining area
type: Code
definition: an area of mine sites where minerals and ores are extracted
in scheme: L

maneuver area
type: Code
definition: a tract of land where military field exercises are carried out
in scheme: L

naval base
type: Code
definition: an area used to store supplies, provide barracks for troops and naval personnel, a port for naval vessels, and from which operations are initiated
in scheme: L

oasis(-es)
type: Code
definition: an area in a desert made productive by the availability of water
in scheme: L

oilfield
type: Code
definition: an area containing a subterranean store of petroleum of economic value
in scheme: L

peat cutting area
type: Code
definition: an area where peat is harvested
in scheme: L

park
type: Code
definition: an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation
in scheme: L

port
type: Code
definition: a place provided with terminal and transfer facilities for loading and discharging waterborne cargo or passengers, usually located in a harbor
in scheme: L

quicksand
type: Code
definition: an area where loose sand with water moving through it may become unstable when heavy objects are placed at the surface, causing them to sink
in scheme: L

republic
type: Code
in scheme: L

reserve
type: Code
definition: a tract of public land reserved for future use or restricted as to use
in scheme: L

agricultural reserve
type: Code
definition: a tract of land reserved for agricultural reclamation and/or development
in scheme: L

forest reserve
type: Code
definition: a forested area set aside for preservation or controlled use
in scheme: L

hunting reserve
type: Code
definition: a tract of land used primarily for hunting
in scheme: L

nature reserve
type: Code
definition: an area reserved for the maintenance of a natural habitat
in scheme: L

palm tree reserve
type: Code
definition: an area of palm trees where use is controlled
in scheme: L

reservation
type: Code
definition: a tract of land set aside for aboriginal, tribal, or native populations
in scheme: L

wildlife reserve
type: Code
definition: a tract of public land reserved for the preservation of wildlife
in scheme: L

region
type: Code
definition: an area distinguished by one or more observable physical or cultural characteristics
in scheme: L

economic region
type: Code
definition: a region of a country established for economic development or for statistical purposes
in scheme: L

lake region
type: Code
definition: a tract of land distinguished by numerous lakes
in scheme: L

artillery range
type: Code
definition: a tract of land used for artillery firing practice
in scheme: L

salt area
type: Code
definition: a shallow basin or flat where salt accumulates after periodic inundation
in scheme: L

snowfield
type: Code
definition: an area of permanent snow and ice forming the accumulation area of a glacier
in scheme: L

tribal area
type: Code
definition: a tract of land used by nomadic or other tribes
in scheme: L

master source holdings list
type: Code
in scheme: L

P
type: Class
comment: city, village,...

populated place
type: Code
definition: a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work
in scheme: P

seat of a first-order administrative division
type: Code
definition: seat of a first-order administrative division (PPLC takes precedence over PPLA)
in scheme: P

capital of a political entity
type: Code
in scheme: P

seat of government of a political entity
type: Code
in scheme: P

populated locality
type: Code
definition: an area similar to a locality but with a small group of dwellings or other buildings
in scheme: P

abandoned populated place
type: Code
in scheme: P

religious populated place
type: Code
definition: a populated place whose population is largely engaged in religious occupations
in scheme: P

populated places
type: Code
definition: cities, towns, villages, or other agglomerations of buildings where people live and work
in scheme: P

destroyed populated place
type: Code
definition: a village, town or city destroyed by a natural disaster, or by war
in scheme: P

section of populated place
type: Code
in scheme: P

israeli settlement
type: Code
in scheme: P

R
type: Class
comment: road, railroad, ...

causeway
type: Code
definition: a raised roadway across wet ground or shallow water
in scheme: R

former causeway
type: Code
definition: a causeway no longer used for transportation
in scheme: R

oil pipeline
type: Code
definition: a pipeline used for transporting oil
in scheme: R

promenade
type: Code
definition: a place for public walking, usually along a beach front
in scheme: R

portage
type: Code
definition: a place where boats, goods, etc., are carried overland between navigable waters
in scheme: R

road
type: Code
definition: an open way with improved surface for transportation of animals, people and vehicles
in scheme: R

ancient road
type: Code
definition: the remains of a road used by ancient cultures
in scheme: R

road bend
type: Code
definition: a conspicuously curved or bent section of a road
in scheme: R

road cut
type: Code
definition: an excavation cut through a hill or ridge for a road
in scheme: R

road junction
type: Code
definition: a place where two or more roads join
in scheme: R

railroad junction
type: Code
definition: a place where two or more railroad tracks join
in scheme: R

railroad
type: Code
definition: a permanent twin steel-rail track on which freight and passenger cars move long distances
in scheme: R

abandoned railroad
type: Code
in scheme: R

caravan route
type: Code
definition: the route taken by caravans
in scheme: R

railroad yard
type: Code
definition: a system of tracks used for the making up of trains, and switching and storing freight cars
in scheme: R

street
type: Code
definition: a paved urban thoroughfare
in scheme: R

stock route
type: Code
definition: a route taken by livestock herds
in scheme: R

tunnel
type: Code
definition: a subterranean passageway for transportation
in scheme: R

natural tunnel
type: Code
definition: a cave that is open at both ends
in scheme: R

road tunnel
type: Code
definition: a tunnel through which a road passes
in scheme: R

railroad tunnel
type: Code
definition: a tunnel through which a railroad passes
in scheme: R

tunnels
type: Code
definition: subterranean passageways for transportation
in scheme: R

trail
type: Code
definition: a path, track, or route used by pedestrians, animals, or off-road vehicles
in scheme: R

S
type: Class
comment: spot, building, farm, ...

administrative facility
type: Code
definition: a government building
in scheme: S

agricultural facility
type: Code
definition: a building and/or tract of land used for improving agriculture
in scheme: S

airbase
type: Code
definition: an area used to store supplies, provide barracks for air force personnel, hangars and runways for aircraft, and from which operations are initiated
in scheme: S

airfield
type: Code
definition: a place on land where aircraft land and take off; no facilities provided for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo
in scheme: S

heliport
type: Code
definition: a place where helicopters land and take off
in scheme: S

airport
type: Code
definition: a place where aircraft regularly land and take off, with runways, navigational aids, and major facilities for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo
in scheme: S

abandoned airfield
type: Code
in scheme: S

amphitheater
type: Code
definition: an oval or circular structure with rising tiers of seats about a stage or open space
in scheme: S

ancient site
type: Code
definition: a place where archeological remains, old structures, or cultural artifacts are located
in scheme: S

arch
type: Code
definition: a natural or man-made structure in the form of an arch
in scheme: S

astronomical station
type: Code
definition: a point on the earth whose position has been determined by observations of celestial bodies
in scheme: S

asylum
type: Code
definition: a facility where the insane are cared for and protected
in scheme: S

athletic field
type: Code
definition: a tract of land used for playing team sports, and athletic track and field events
in scheme: S

beacon
type: Code
definition: a fixed artificial navigation mark
in scheme: S

bridge
type: Code
definition: a structure erected across an obstacle such as a stream, road, etc., in order to carry roads, railroads, and pedestrians across
in scheme: S

ruined bridge
type: Code
definition: a destroyed or decayed bridge which is no longer functional
in scheme: S

building(s)
type: Code
definition: a structure built for permanent use, as a house, factory, etc.
in scheme: S

boundary marker
type: Code
definition: a fixture marking a point along a boundary
in scheme: S

barracks
type: Code
definition: a building for lodging military personnel
in scheme: S

breakwater
type: Code
definition: a structure erected to break the force of waves at the entrance to a harbor or port
in scheme: S

baling station
type: Code
definition: a facility for baling agricultural products
in scheme: S

boatyard
type: Code
definition: a waterside facility for servicing, repairing, and building small vessels
in scheme: S

burial cave(s)
type: Code
definition: a cave used for human burials
in scheme: S

cairn
type: Code
definition: a heap of stones erected as a landmark or for other purposes
in scheme: S

cave(s)
type: Code
definition: an underground passageway or chamber, or cavity on the side of a cliff
in scheme: S

church
type: Code
definition: a building for public Christian worship
in scheme: S

camp(s)
type: Code
definition: a site occupied by tents, huts, or other shelters for temporary use
in scheme: S

logging camp
type: Code
definition: a camp used by loggers
in scheme: S

labor camp
type: Code
definition: a camp used by migrant or temporary laborers
in scheme: S

mining camp
type: Code
definition: a camp used by miners
in scheme: S

oil camp
type: Code
definition: a camp used by oilfield workers
in scheme: S

abandoned camp
type: Code
in scheme: S

refugee camp
type: Code
definition: a camp used by refugees
in scheme: S

cemetery
type: Code
definition: a burial place or ground
in scheme: S

communication center
type: Code
definition: a facility, including buildings, antennae, towers and electronic equipment for receiving and transmitting information
in scheme: S

corral(s)
type: Code
definition: a pen or enclosure for confining or capturing animals
in scheme: S

casino
type: Code
definition: a building used for entertainment, especially gambling
in scheme: S

castle
type: Code
definition: a large fortified building or set of buildings
in scheme: S

customs house
type: Code
definition: a building in a port where customs and duties are paid, and where vessels are entered and cleared
in scheme: S

courthouse
type: Code
definition: a building in which courts of law are held
in scheme: S

atomic center
type: Code
definition: a facility where atomic research is carried out
in scheme: S

community center
type: Code
definition: a facility for community recreation and other activities
in scheme: S

facility center
type: Code
definition: a place where more than one facility is situated
in scheme: S

medical center
type: Code
definition: a complex of health care buildings including two or more of the following: hospital, medical school, clinic, pharmacy, doctor's offices, etc.
in scheme: S

religious center
type: Code
definition: a facility where more than one religious activity is carried out, e.g., retreat, school, monastery, worship
in scheme: S

space center
type: Code
definition: a facility for launching, tracking, or controlling satellites and space vehicles
in scheme: S

convent
type: Code
definition: a building where a community of nuns lives in seclusion
in scheme: S

dam
type: Code
definition: a barrier constructed across a stream to impound water
in scheme: S

ruined dam
type: Code
definition: a destroyed or decayed dam which is no longer functional
in scheme: S

sub-surface dam
type: Code
definition: a dam put down to bedrock in a sand river
in scheme: S

dairy
type: Code
definition: a facility for the processing, sale and distribution of milk or milk products
in scheme: S

dry dock
type: Code
definition: a dock providing support for a vessel, and means for removing the water so that the bottom of the vessel can be exposed
in scheme: S

dockyard
type: Code
definition: a facility for servicing, building, or repairing ships
in scheme: S

dike
type: Code
definition: an earth or stone embankment usually constructed for flood or stream control
in scheme: S

fuel depot
type: Code
definition: an area where fuel is stored
in scheme: S

estate(s)
type: Code
definition: a large commercialized agricultural landholding with associated buildings and other facilities
in scheme: S

banana plantation
type: Code
definition: an estate that specializes in the growing of bananas
in scheme: S

cotton plantation
type: Code
definition: an estate specializing in the cultivation of cotton
in scheme: S

oil palm plantation
type: Code
definition: an estate specializing in the cultivation of oil palm trees
in scheme: S

rubber plantation
type: Code
definition: an estate which specializes in growing and tapping rubber trees
in scheme: S

sugar plantation
type: Code
definition: an estate that specializes in growing sugar cane
in scheme: S

sisal plantation
type: Code
definition: an estate that specializes in growing sisal
in scheme: S

tea plantation
type: Code
definition: an estate which specializes in growing tea bushes
in scheme: S

section of estate
type: Code
in scheme: S

facility
type: Code
definition: a building or buildings housing a center, institute, foundation, hospital, prison, mission, courthouse, etc.
in scheme: S

foundry
type: Code
definition: a building or works where metal casting is carried out
in scheme: S

farm
type: Code
definition: a tract of land with associated buildings devoted to agriculture
in scheme: S

abandoned farm
type: Code
in scheme: S

farms
type: Code
definition: tracts of land with associated buildings devoted to agriculture
in scheme: S

farmstead
type: Code
definition: the buildings and adjacent service areas of a farm
in scheme: S

fort
type: Code
definition: a defensive structure or earthworks
in scheme: S

ferry
type: Code
definition: a boat or other floating conveyance and terminal facilities regularly used to transport people and vehicles across a waterbody
in scheme: S

gate
type: Code
definition: a controlled access entrance or exit
in scheme: S

garden(s)
type: Code
definition: an enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life
in scheme: S

guest house
type: Code
definition: a house used to provide lodging for paying guests
in scheme: S

gas-oil separator plant
type: Code
definition: a facility for separating gas from oil
in scheme: S

grave
type: Code
definition: a burial site
in scheme: S

hermitage
type: Code
definition: a secluded residence, usually for religious sects
in scheme: S

halting place
type: Code
definition: a place where caravans stop for rest
in scheme: S

house(s)
type: Code
definition: a building used as a human habitation
in scheme: S

country house
type: Code
definition: a large house, mansion, or chateau, on a large estate
in scheme: S

hospital
type: Code
definition: a building in which sick or injured, especially those confined to bed, are medically treated
in scheme: S

clinic
type: Code
definition: a medical facility associated with a hospital for outpatients
in scheme: S

dispensary
type: Code
definition: a building where medical or dental aid is dispensed
in scheme: S

leprosarium
type: Code
definition: an asylum or hospital for lepers
in scheme: S

historical site
type: Code
definition: a place of historical importance
in scheme: S

hotel
type: Code
definition: a building providing lodging and/or meals for the public
in scheme: S

hut
type: Code
definition: a small primitive house
in scheme: S

huts
type: Code
definition: small primitive houses
in scheme: S

military installation
type: Code
definition: a facility for use of and control by armed forces
in scheme: S

research institute
type: Code
definition: a facility where research is carried out
in scheme: S

jetty
type: Code
definition: a structure built out into the water at a river mouth or harbor entrance to regulate currents and silting
in scheme: S

landing
type: Code
definition: a place where boats receive or discharge passengers and freight, but lacking most port facilities
in scheme: S

leper colony
type: Code
definition: a settled area inhabited by lepers in relative isolation
in scheme: S

lock(s)
type: Code
definition: a basin in a waterway with gates at each end by means of which vessels are passed from one water level to another
in scheme: S

lighthouse
type: Code
definition: a distinctive structure exhibiting a major navigation light
in scheme: S

marina
type: Code
definition: a harbor facility for small boats, yachts, etc.
in scheme: S

factory
type: Code
definition: one or more buildings where goods are manufactured, processed or fabricated
in scheme: S

brewery
type: Code
definition: one or more buildings where beer is brewed
in scheme: S

cannery
type: Code
definition: a building where food items are canned
in scheme: S

copper works
type: Code
definition: a facility for processing copper ore
in scheme: S

limekiln
type: Code
definition: a furnace in which limestone is reduced to lime
in scheme: S

munitions plant
type: Code
definition: a factory where ammunition is made
in scheme: S

phosphate works
type: Code
definition: a facility for producing fertilizer
in scheme: S

abandoned factory
type: Code
in scheme: S

sugar refinery
type: Code
definition: a facility for converting raw sugar into refined sugar
in scheme: S

market
type: Code
definition: a place where goods are bought and sold at regular intervals
in scheme: S

mill(s)
type: Code
definition: a building housing machines for transforming, shaping, finishing, grinding, or extracting products
in scheme: S

ore treatment plant
type: Code
definition: a facility for improving the metal content of ore by concentration
in scheme: S

olive oil mill
type: Code
definition: a mill where oil is extracted from olives
in scheme: S

sugar mill
type: Code
definition: a facility where sugar cane is processed into raw sugar
in scheme: S

former sugar mill
type: Code
definition: a sugar mill no longer used as a sugar mill
in scheme: S

sawmill
type: Code
definition: a mill where logs or lumber are sawn to specified shapes and sizes
in scheme: S

windmill
type: Code
definition: a mill or water pump powered by wind
in scheme: S

water mill
type: Code
definition: a mill powered by running water
in scheme: S

mine(s)
type: Code
definition: a site where mineral ores are extracted from the ground by excavating surface pits and subterranean passages
in scheme: S

gold mine(s)
type: Code
definition: a mine where gold ore, or alluvial gold is extracted
in scheme: S

coal mine(s)
type: Code
definition: a mine where coal is extracted
in scheme: S

chrome mine(s)
type: Code
definition: a mine where chrome ore is extracted
in scheme: S

copper mine(s)
type: Code
definition: a mine where copper ore is extracted
in scheme: S

diatomite mine(s)
type: Code
definition: a place where diatomaceous earth is extracted
in scheme: S

iron mine(s)
type: Code
definition: a mine where iron ore is extracted
in scheme: S

monument
type: Code
definition: a commemorative structure or statue
in scheme: S

salt mine(s)
type: Code
definition: a mine from which salt is extracted
in scheme: S

nickel mine(s)
type: Code
definition: a mine where nickel ore is extracted
in scheme: S

lead mine(s)
type: Code
definition: a mine where lead ore is extracted
in scheme: S

placer mine(s)
type: Code
definition: a place where heavy metals are concentrated and running water is used to extract them from unconsolidated sediments
in scheme: S

abandoned mine
type: Code
in scheme: S

quarry(-ies)
type: Code
definition: a surface mine where building stone or gravel and sand, etc. are extracted
in scheme: S

tin mine(s)
type: Code
definition: a mine where tin ore is extracted
in scheme: S

mole
type: Code
definition: a massive structure of masonry or large stones serving as a pier or breakwater
in scheme: S

mosque
type: Code
definition: a building for public Islamic worship
in scheme: S

mission
type: Code
definition: a place characterized by dwellings, school, church, hospital and other facilities operated by a religious group for the purpose of providing charitable services and to propagate religion
in scheme: S

abandoned mission
type: Code
in scheme: S

monastery
type: Code
definition: a building and grounds where a community of monks lives in seclusion
in scheme: S

museum
type: Code
definition: a building where objects of permanent interest in one or more of the arts and sciences are preserved and exhibited
in scheme: S

novitiate
type: Code
definition: a religious house or school where novices are trained
in scheme: S

nursery(-ies)
type: Code
definition: a place where plants are propagated for transplanting or grafting
in scheme: S

observation point
type: Code
definition: a wildlife or scenic observation point
in scheme: S

observatory
type: Code
definition: a facility equipped for observation of atmospheric or space phenomena
in scheme: S

radio observatory
type: Code
definition: a facility equipped with an array of antennae for receiving radio waves from space
in scheme: S

oil pipeline junction
type: Code
definition: a section of an oil pipeline where two or more pipes join together
in scheme: S

abandoned oil well
type: Code
in scheme: S

oil refinery
type: Code
definition: a facility for converting crude oil into refined petroleum products
in scheme: S

tank farm
type: Code
definition: a tract of land occupied by large, cylindrical, metal tanks in which oil or liquid petrochemicals are stored
in scheme: S

oil well
type: Code
definition: a well from which oil may be pumped
in scheme: S

palace
type: Code
definition: a large stately house, often a royal or presidential residence
in scheme: S

pagoda
type: Code
definition: a tower-like storied structure, usually a Buddhist shrine
in scheme: S

pier
type: Code
definition: a structure built out into navigable water on piles providing berthing for ships and recreation
in scheme: S

parking lot
type: Code
definition: an area used for parking vehicles
in scheme: S

oil pumping station
type: Code
definition: a facility for pumping oil through a pipeline
in scheme: S

water pumping station
type: Code
definition: a facility for pumping water from a major well or through a pipeline
in scheme: S

post office
type: Code
definition: a public building in which mail is received, sorted and distributed
in scheme: S

police post
type: Code
definition: a building in which police are stationed
in scheme: S

abandoned police post
type: Code
in scheme: S

park gate
type: Code
definition: a controlled access to a park
in scheme: S

park headquarters
type: Code
definition: a park administrative facility
in scheme: S

prison
type: Code
definition: a facility for confining prisoners
in scheme: S

reformatory
type: Code
definition: a facility for confining, training, and reforming young law offenders
in scheme: S

abandoned prison
type: Code
in scheme: S

power station
type: Code
definition: a facility for generating electric power
in scheme: S

hydroelectric power station
type: Code
definition: a building where electricity is generated from water power
in scheme: S

border post
type: Code
definition: a post or station at an international boundary for the regulation of movement of people and goods
in scheme: S

customs post
type: Code
definition: a building at an international boundary where customs and duties are paid on goods
in scheme: S

patrol post
type: Code
definition: a post from which patrols are sent out
in scheme: S

pyramid
type: Code
definition: an ancient massive structure of square ground plan with four triangular faces meeting at a point and used for enclosing tombs
in scheme: S

pyramids
type: Code
definition: ancient massive structures of square ground plan with four triangular faces meeting at a point and used for enclosing tombs
in scheme: S

quay
type: Code
definition: a structure of solid construction along a shore or bank which provides berthing for ships and which generally provides cargo handling facilities
in scheme: S

golf course
type: Code
definition: a recreation field where golf is played
in scheme: S

racetrack
type: Code
definition: a track where races are held
in scheme: S

resthouse
type: Code
definition: a structure maintained for the rest and shelter of travelers
in scheme: S

rookery
type: Code
definition: a breeding place of a colony of birds or seals
in scheme: S

religious site
type: Code
definition: an ancient site of significant religious importance
in scheme: S

retreat
type: Code
definition: a place of temporary seclusion, especially for religious groups
in scheme: S

ranch(es)
type: Code
definition: a large farm specializing in extensive grazing of livestock
in scheme: S

railroad siding
type: Code
definition: a short track parallel to and joining the main track
in scheme: S

railroad signal
type: Code
definition: a signal at the entrance of a particular section of track governing the movement of trains
in scheme: S

resort
type: Code
definition: a specialized facility for vacation, health, or participation sports activities
in scheme: S

railroad station
type: Code
definition: a facility comprising ticket office, platforms, etc. for loading and unloading train passengers and freight
in scheme: S

abandoned railroad station
type: Code
in scheme: S

railroad stop
type: Code
definition: a place lacking station facilities where trains stop to pick up and unload passengers and freight
in scheme: S

abandoned railroad stop
type: Code
in scheme: S

ruin(s)
type: Code
definition: a destroyed or decayed structure which is no longer functional
in scheme: S

school
type: Code
definition: building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place
in scheme: S

agricultural school
type: Code
definition: a school with a curriculum focused on agriculture
in scheme: S

college
type: Code
definition: the grounds and buildings of an institution of higher learning
in scheme: S

military school
type: Code
definition: a school at which military science forms the core of the curriculum
in scheme: S

maritime school
type: Code
definition: a school at which maritime sciences form the core of the curriculum
in scheme: S

sheepfold
type: Code
definition: a fence or wall enclosure for sheep and other small herd animals
in scheme: S

shrine
type: Code
definition: a structure or place memorializing a person or religious concept
in scheme: S

storehouse
type: Code
definition: a building for storing goods, especially provisions
in scheme: S

sluice
type: Code
definition: a conduit or passage for carrying off surplus water from a waterbody, usually regulated by means of a sluice gate
in scheme: S

sanatorium
type: Code
definition: a facility where victims of physical or mental disorders are treated
in scheme: S

spa
type: Code
definition: a resort area usually developed around a medicinal spring
in scheme: S

spillway
type: Code
definition: a passage or outlet through which surplus water flows over, around or through a dam
in scheme: S

square
type: Code
definition: a broad, open, public area near the center of a town or city
in scheme: S

stable
type: Code
definition: a building for the shelter and feeding of farm animals, especially horses
in scheme: S

stadium
type: Code
definition: a structure with an enclosure for athletic games with tiers of seats for spectators
in scheme: S

scientific research base
type: Code
definition: a scientific facility used as a base from which research is carried out or monitored
in scheme: S

coast guard station
type: Code
definition: a facility from which the coast is guarded by armed vessels
in scheme: S

experiment station
type: Code
definition: a facility for carrying out experiments
in scheme: S

forest station
type: Code
definition: a collection of buildings and facilities for carrying out forest management
in scheme: S

inspection station
type: Code
definition: a station at which vehicles, goods, and people are inspected
in scheme: S

meteorological station
type: Code
definition: a station at which weather elements are recorded
in scheme: S

radio station
type: Code
definition: a facility for producing and transmitting information by radio waves
in scheme: S

satellite station
type: Code
definition: a facility for tracking and communicating with orbiting satellites
in scheme: S

whaling station
type: Code
definition: a facility for butchering whales and processing train oil
in scheme: S

steps
type: Code
definition: stones or slabs placed for ease in ascending or descending a steep slope
in scheme: S

tomb(s)
type: Code
definition: a structure for interring bodies
in scheme: S

temple(s)
type: Code
definition: an edifice dedicated to religious worship
in scheme: S

cattle dipping tank
type: Code
definition: a small artificial pond used for immersing cattle in chemically treated water for disease control
in scheme: S

tower
type: Code
definition: a high conspicuous structure, typically much higher than its diameter
in scheme: S

triangulation station
type: Code
definition: a point on the earth whose position has been determined by triangulation
in scheme: S

oil pipeline terminal
type: Code
definition: a tank farm or loading facility at the end of an oil pipeline
in scheme: S

university
type: Code
definition: An institution for higher learning with teaching and research facilities constituting a graduate school and professional schools that award master's degrees and doctorates and an undergraduate division that awards bachelor's degrees.
in scheme: S

united states government establishment
type: Code
definition: a facility operated by the United States Government in Panama
in scheme: S

veterinary facility
type: Code
definition: a building or camp at which veterinary services are available
in scheme: S

wall
type: Code
definition: a thick masonry structure, usually enclosing a field or building, or forming the side of a structure
in scheme: S

ancient wall
type: Code
definition: the remains of a linear defensive stone structure
in scheme: S

weir(s)
type: Code
definition: a small dam in a stream, designed to raise the water level or to divert stream flow through a desired channel
in scheme: S

wharf(-ves)
type: Code
definition: a structure of open rather than solid construction along a shore or a bank which provides berthing for ships and cargo-handling facilities
in scheme: S

wreck
type: Code
definition: the site of the remains of a wrecked vessel
in scheme: S

waterworks
type: Code
definition: a facility for supplying potable water through a water source and a system of pumps and filtration beds
in scheme: S

free trade zone
type: Code
definition: an area, usually a section of a port, where goods may be received and shipped free of customs duty and of most customs regulations
in scheme: S

zoo
type: Code
definition: a zoological garden or park where wild animals are kept for exhibition
in scheme: S

T
type: Class
comment: mountain, hill, rock, ...

asphalt lake
type: Code
definition: a small basin containing naturally occurring asphalt
in scheme: T

atoll(s)
type: Code
definition: a ring-shaped coral reef which has closely spaced islands on it encircling a lagoon
in scheme: T

bar
type: Code
definition: a shallow ridge or mound of coarse unconsolidated material in a stream channel, at the mouth of a stream, estuary, or lagoon and in the wave-break zone along coasts
in scheme: T

beach
type: Code
definition: a shore zone of coarse unconsolidated sediment that extends from the low-water line to the highest reach of storm waves
in scheme: T

beaches
type: Code
definition: a shore zone of coarse unconsolidated sediment that extends from the low-water line to the highest reach of storm waves
in scheme: T

badlands
type: Code
definition: an area characterized by a maze of very closely spaced, deep, narrow, steep-sided ravines, and sharp crests and pinnacles
in scheme: T

boulder field
type: Code
definition: a high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks
in scheme: T

blowhole(s)
type: Code
definition: a hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air
in scheme: T

blowout(s)
type: Code
definition: a small depression in sandy terrain, caused by wind erosion
in scheme: T

bench
type: Code
definition: a long, narrow bedrock platform bounded by steeper slopes above and below, usually overlooking a waterbody
in scheme: T

butte(s)
type: Code
definition: a small, isolated, usually flat-topped hill with steep sides
in scheme: T

cape
type: Code
definition: a land area, more prominent than a point, projecting into the sea and marking a notable change in coastal direction
in scheme: T

cleft(s)
type: Code
definition: a deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a coastal cliff
in scheme: T

caldera
type: Code
definition: a depression measuring kilometers across formed by the collapse of a volcanic mountain
in scheme: T

cliff(s)
type: Code
definition: a high, steep to perpendicular slope overlooking a waterbody or lower area
in scheme: T

canyon
type: Code
definition: a deep, narrow valley with steep sides cutting into a plateau or mountainous area
in scheme: T

cone(s)
type: Code
definition: a conical landform composed of mud or volcanic material
in scheme: T

corridor
type: Code
definition: a strip or area of land having significance as an access way
in scheme: T

cirque
type: Code
definition: a bowl-like hollow partially surrounded by cliffs or steep slopes at the head of a glaciated valley
in scheme: T

cirques
type: Code
definition: bowl-like hollows partially surrounded by cliffs or steep slopes at the head of a glaciated valley
in scheme: T

crater(s)
type: Code
definition: a generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by volcanic or meteorite explosive action
in scheme: T

cuesta(s)
type: Code
definition: an asymmetric ridge formed on tilted strata
in scheme: T

delta
type: Code
definition: a flat plain formed by alluvial deposits at the mouth of a stream
in scheme: T

depression(s)
type: Code
definition: a low area surrounded by higher land and usually characterized by interior drainage
in scheme: T

desert
type: Code
definition: a large area with little or no vegetation due to extreme environmental conditions
in scheme: T

dune(s)
type: Code
definition: a wave form, ridge or star shape feature composed of sand
in scheme: T

divide
type: Code
definition: a line separating adjacent drainage basins
in scheme: T

sandy desert
type: Code
definition: an extensive tract of shifting sand and sand dunes
in scheme: T

fan(s)
type: Code
definition: a fan-shaped wedge of coarse alluvium with apex merging with a mountain stream bed and the fan spreading out at a low angle slope onto an adjacent plain
in scheme: T

ford
type: Code
definition: a shallow part of a stream which can be crossed on foot or by land vehicle
in scheme: T

fissure
type: Code
definition: a crack associated with volcanism
in scheme: T

gap
type: Code
definition: a low place in a ridge, not used for transportation
in scheme: T

gorge(s)
type: Code
definition: a short, narrow, steep-sided section of a stream valley
in scheme: T

headland
type: Code
definition: a high projection of land extending into a large body of water beyond the line of the coast
in scheme: T

hill
type: Code
definition: a rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m
in scheme: T

hills
type: Code
definition: rounded elevations of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m
in scheme: T

hammock(s)
type: Code
definition: a patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups
in scheme: T

rock desert
type: Code
definition: a relatively sand-free, high bedrock plateau in a hot desert, with or without a gravel veneer
in scheme: T

interfluve
type: Code
definition: a relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys
in scheme: T

island
type: Code
definition: a tract of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water
in scheme: T

artificial island
type: Code
definition: an island created by landfill or diking and filling in a wetland, bay, or lagoon
in scheme: T

mangrove island
type: Code
definition: a mangrove swamp surrounded by a waterbody
in scheme: T

islands
type: Code
definition: tracts of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water
in scheme: T

land-tied island
type: Code
definition: a coastal island connected to the mainland by barrier beaches, levees or dikes
in scheme: T

section of island
type: Code
in scheme: T

isthmus
type: Code
definition: a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses and bordered by water
in scheme: T

karst area
type: Code
definition: a distinctive landscape developed on soluble rock such as limestone characterized by sinkholes, caves, disappearing streams, and underground drainage
in scheme: T

lava area
type: Code
definition: an area of solidified lava
in scheme: T

levee
type: Code
definition: a natural low embankment bordering a distributary or meandering stream; often built up artificially to control floods
in scheme: T

mesa(s)
type: Code
definition: a flat-topped, isolated elevation with steep slopes on all sides, less extensive than a plateau
in scheme: T

mound(s)
type: Code
definition: a low, isolated, rounded hill
in scheme: T

moraine
type: Code
definition: a mound, ridge, or other accumulation of glacial till
in scheme: T

mountain
type: Code
definition: an elevation standing high above the surrounding area with small summit area, steep slopes and local relief of 300m or more
in scheme: T

mountains
type: Code
definition: a mountain range or a group of mountains or high ridges
in scheme: T

meander neck
type: Code
definition: a narrow strip of land between the two limbs of a meander loop at its narrowest point
in scheme: T

nunatak
type: Code
definition: a rock or mountain peak protruding through glacial ice
in scheme: T

nunataks
type: Code
definition: rocks or mountain peaks protruding through glacial ice
in scheme: T

pan
type: Code
definition: a near-level shallow, natural depression or basin, usually containing an intermittent lake, pond, or pool
in scheme: T

pans
type: Code
definition: a near-level shallow, natural depression or basin, usually containing an intermittent lake, pond, or pool
in scheme: T

pass
type: Code
definition: a break in a mountain range or other high obstruction, used for transportation from one side to the other [See also gap]
in scheme: T

peninsula
type: Code
definition: an elongate area of land projecting into a body of water and nearly surrounded by water
in scheme: T

section of peninsula
type: Code
in scheme: T

peak
type: Code
definition: a pointed elevation atop a mountain, ridge, or other hypsographic feature
in scheme: T

peaks
type: Code
definition: pointed elevations atop a mountain, ridge, or other hypsographic features
in scheme: T

plateau
type: Code
definition: an elevated plain with steep slopes on one or more sides, and often with incised streams
in scheme: T

section of plateau
type: Code
in scheme: T

polder
type: Code
definition: an area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining
in scheme: T

plain(s)
type: Code
definition: an extensive area of comparatively level to gently undulating land, lacking surface irregularities, and usually adjacent to a higher area
in scheme: T

section of plain
type: Code
in scheme: T

promontory(-ies)
type: Code
definition: a bluff or prominent hill overlooking or projecting into a lowland
in scheme: T

point
type: Code
definition: a tapering piece of land projecting into a body of water, less prominent than a cape
in scheme: T

points
type: Code
definition: tapering pieces of land projecting into a body of water, less prominent than a cape
in scheme: T

beach ridge
type: Code
definition: a ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series
in scheme: T

ridge(s)
type: Code
definition: a long narrow elevation with steep sides, and a more or less continuous crest
in scheme: T

stony desert
type: Code
definition: a desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel and stones
in scheme: T

rock
type: Code
definition: a conspicuous, isolated rocky mass
in scheme: T

rockfall
type: Code
definition: an irregular mass of fallen rock at the base of a cliff or steep slope
in scheme: T

rocks
type: Code
definition: conspicuous, isolated rocky masses
in scheme: T

sand area
type: Code
definition: a tract of land covered with sand
in scheme: T

dry stream bed
type: Code
definition: a channel formerly containing the water of a stream
in scheme: T

escarpment
type: Code
definition: a long line of cliffs or steep slopes separating level surfaces above and below
in scheme: T

saddle
type: Code
definition: a broad, open pass crossing a ridge or between hills or mountains
in scheme: T

shore
type: Code
definition: a narrow zone bordering a waterbody which covers and uncovers at high and low water, respectively
in scheme: T

sinkhole
type: Code
definition: a small crater-shape depression in a karst area
in scheme: T

slide
type: Code
definition: a mound of earth material, at the base of a slope and the associated scoured area
in scheme: T

slope(s)
type: Code
definition: a surface with a relatively uniform slope angle
in scheme: T

spit
type: Code
definition: a narrow, straight or curved continuation of a beach into a waterbody
in scheme: T

spur(s)
type: Code
definition: a subordinate ridge projecting outward from a hill, mountain or other elevation
in scheme: T

talus slope
type: Code
definition: a steep concave slope formed by an accumulation of loose rock fragments at the base of a cliff or steep slope
in scheme: T

interdune trough(s)
type: Code
definition: a long wind-swept trough between parallel longitudinal dunes
in scheme: T

terrace
type: Code
definition: a long, narrow alluvial platform bounded by steeper slopes above and below, usually overlooking a waterbody
in scheme: T

upland
type: Code
definition: an extensive interior region of high land with low to moderate surface relief
in scheme: T

valley
type: Code
definition: an elongated depression usually traversed by a stream
in scheme: T

hanging valley
type: Code
definition: a valley the floor of which is notably higher than the valley or shore to which it leads; most common in areas that have been glaciated
in scheme: T

valleys
type: Code
definition: elongated depressions usually traversed by a stream
in scheme: T

section of valley
type: Code
in scheme: T

volcano
type: Code
definition: a conical elevation composed of volcanic materials with a crater at the top
in scheme: T

U
type: Class
comment: undersea

apron
type: Code
definition: a gentle slope, with a generally smooth surface, particularly found around groups of islands and seamounts
in scheme: U

arch
type: Code
definition: a low bulge around the southeastern end of the island of Hawaii
in scheme: U

arrugado
type: Code
definition: an area of subdued corrugations off Baja California
in scheme: U

borderland
type: Code
definition: a region adjacent to a continent, normally occupied by or bordering a shelf, that is highly irregular with depths well in excess of those typical of a shelf
in scheme: U

banks
type: Code
definition: elevations, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for safe surface navigation
in scheme: U

bench
type: Code
definition: a small terrace
in scheme: U

bank
type: Code
definition: an elevation, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for safe surface navigation
in scheme: U

basin
type: Code
definition: a depression more or less equidimensional in plan and of variable extent
in scheme: U

cordillera
type: Code
definition: an entire mountain system including the subordinate ranges, interior plateaus, and basins
in scheme: U

canyons
type: Code
definition: relatively narrow, deep depressions with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope
in scheme: U

canyon
type: Code
definition: a relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope
in scheme: U

continental rise
type: Code
definition: a gentle slope rising from oceanic depths towards the foot of a continental slope
in scheme: U

deep
type: Code
definition: a localized deep area within the confines of a larger feature, such as a trough, basin or trench
in scheme: U

shelf edge
type: Code
definition: a line along which there is a marked increase of slope at the outer margin of a continental shelf or island shelf
in scheme: U

escarpment (or scarp)
type: Code
definition: an elongated and comparatively steep slope separating flat or gently sloping areas
in scheme: U

fan
type: Code
definition: a relatively smooth feature normally sloping away from the lower termination of a canyon or canyon system
in scheme: U

flat
type: Code
definition: a small level or nearly level area
in scheme: U

fork
type: Code
definition: a branch of a canyon or valley
in scheme: U

forks
type: Code
definition: a branch of a canyon or valley
in scheme: U

fracture zone
type: Code
definition: an extensive linear zone of irregular topography of the sea floor, characterized by steep-sided or asymmetrical ridges, troughs, or escarpments
in scheme: U

furrow
type: Code
definition: a closed, linear, narrow, shallow depression
in scheme: U

gap
type: Code
definition: a narrow break in a ridge or rise
in scheme: U

gully
type: Code
definition: a small valley-like feature
in scheme: U

hill
type: Code
definition: an elevation rising generally less than 500 meters
in scheme: U

hills
type: Code
definition: elevations rising generally less than 500 meters
in scheme: U

hole
type: Code
definition: a small depression of the sea floor
in scheme: U

knoll
type: Code
definition: an elevation rising generally more than 500 meters and less than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summit
in scheme: U

knolls
type: Code
definition: elevations rising generally more than 500 meters and less than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summits
in scheme: U

ledge
type: Code
definition: a rocky projection or outcrop, commonly linear and near shore
in scheme: U

levee
type: Code
definition: an embankment bordering a canyon, valley, or seachannel
in scheme: U

median valley
type: Code
definition: the axial depression of the mid-oceanic ridge system
in scheme: U

mesa
type: Code
definition: an isolated, extensive, flat-topped elevation on the shelf, with relatively steep sides
in scheme: U

mound
type: Code
definition: a low, isolated, rounded hill
in scheme: U

moat
type: Code
definition: an annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many seamounts, islands, and other isolated elevations
in scheme: U

mountains
type: Code
definition: well-delineated subdivisions of a large and complex positive feature
in scheme: U

mountain
type: Code
definition: a well-delineated subdivision of a large and complex positive feature
in scheme: U

peaks
type: Code
definition: prominent elevations, part of a larger feature, either pointed or of very limited extent across the summit
in scheme: U

peak
type: Code
definition: a prominent elevation, part of a larger feature, either pointed or of very limited extent across the summit
in scheme: U

platform
type: Code
definition: a flat or gently sloping underwater surface extending seaward from the shore
in scheme: U

plain
type: Code
definition: a flat, gently sloping or nearly level region
in scheme: U

plateau
type: Code
definition: a comparatively flat-topped feature of considerable extent, dropping off abruptly on one or more sides
in scheme: U

pinnacle
type: Code
definition: a high tower or spire-shaped pillar of rock or coral, alone or cresting a summit
in scheme: U

province
type: Code
definition: a region identifiable by a group of similar physiographic features whose characteristics are markedly in contrast with surrounding areas
in scheme: U

ravine
type: Code
definition: a small canyon
in scheme: U

ridge
type: Code
definition: a long narrow elevation with steep sides
in scheme: U

ridges
type: Code
definition: long narrow elevations with steep sides
in scheme: U

reefs
type: Code
definition: surface-navigation hazards composed of consolidated material
in scheme: U

reef
type: Code
definition: a surface-navigation hazard composed of consolidated material
in scheme: U

rise
type: Code
definition: a broad elevation that rises gently, and generally smoothly, from the sea floor
in scheme: U

ramp
type: Code
definition: a gentle slope connecting areas of different elevations
in scheme: U

range
type: Code
definition: a series of associated ridges or seamounts
in scheme: U

seachannel
type: Code
definition: a continuously sloping, elongated depression commonly found in fans or plains and customarily bordered by levees on one or two sides
in scheme: U

seachannels
type: Code
definition: continuously sloping, elongated depressions commonly found in fans or plains and customarily bordered by levees on one or two sides
in scheme: U

saddle
type: Code
definition: a low part, resembling in shape a saddle, in a ridge or between contiguous seamounts
in scheme: U

shelf
type: Code
definition: a zone adjacent to a continent (or around an island) that extends from the low water line to a depth at which there is usually a marked increase of slope towards oceanic depths
in scheme: U

shoal
type: Code
definition: a surface-navigation hazard composed of unconsolidated material
in scheme: U

shoals
type: Code
definition: hazards to surface navigation composed of unconsolidated material
in scheme: U

shelf valley
type: Code
definition: a valley on the shelf, generally the shoreward extension of a canyon
in scheme: U

sill
type: Code
definition: the low part of a gap or saddle separating basins
in scheme: U

slope
type: Code
definition: the slope seaward from the shelf edge to the beginning of a continental rise or the point where there is a general reduction in slope
in scheme: U

seamounts
type: Code
definition: elevations rising generally more than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summit
in scheme: U

seamount
type: Code
definition: an elevation rising generally more than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summit
in scheme: U

spur
type: Code
definition: a subordinate elevation, ridge, or rise projecting outward from a larger feature
in scheme: U

terrace
type: Code
definition: a relatively flat horizontal or gently inclined surface, sometimes long and narrow, which is bounded by a steeper ascending slope on one side and by a steep descending slope on the opposite side
in scheme: U

tablemounts (or guyots)
type: Code
definition: seamounts having a comparatively smooth, flat top
in scheme: U

tablemount (or guyot)
type: Code
definition: a seamount having a comparatively smooth, flat top
in scheme: U

tongue
type: Code
definition: an elongate (tongue-like) extension of a flat sea floor into an adjacent higher feature
in scheme: U

trough
type: Code
definition: a long depression of the sea floor characteristically flat bottomed and steep sided, and normally shallower than a trench
in scheme: U

trench
type: Code
definition: a long, narrow, characteristically very deep and asymmetrical depression of the sea floor, with relatively steep sides
in scheme: U

valley
type: Code
definition: a relatively shallow, wide depression, the bottom of which usually has a continuous gradient
in scheme: U

valleys
type: Code
definition: a relatively shallow, wide depression, the bottom of which usually has a continuous gradient
in scheme: U

V
type: Class
comment: forest, heath, ...

bush(es)
type: Code
definition: a small clump of conspicuous bushes in an otherwise bare area
in scheme: V

cultivated area
type: Code
definition: an area under cultivation
in scheme: V

forest(s)
type: Code
definition: an area dominated by tree vegetation
in scheme: V

fossilized forest
type: Code
definition: a forest fossilized by geologic processes and now exposed at the earth's surface
in scheme: V

grassland
type: Code
definition: an area dominated by grass vegetation
in scheme: V

coconut grove
type: Code
definition: a planting of coconut trees
in scheme: V

olive grove
type: Code
definition: a planting of olive trees
in scheme: V

palm grove
type: Code
definition: a planting of palm trees
in scheme: V

pine grove
type: Code
definition: a planting of pine trees
in scheme: V

heath
type: Code
definition: an upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather
in scheme: V

meadow
type: Code
definition: a small, poorly drained area dominated by grassy vegetation
in scheme: V

orchard(s)
type: Code
definition: a planting of fruit or nut trees
in scheme: V

scrubland
type: Code
definition: an area of low trees, bushes, and shrubs stunted by some environmental limitation
in scheme: V

tree(s)
type: Code
definition: a conspicuous tree used as a landmark
in scheme: V

tundra
type: Code
definition: a marshy, treeless, high latitude plain, dominated by mosses, lichens, and low shrub vegetation under permafrost conditions
in scheme: V

vineyard
type: Code
definition: a planting of grapevines
in scheme: V

vineyards
type: Code
definition: plantings of grapevines
in scheme: V